References — TRT Analysis user manual

References

The publications listed below document the interpretation methods implemented in TRT Analysis (the line-source slope method and its first-order approximation, the recovery-phase analysis, the p-linear fluid-temperature average, the borehole-resistance theory, and the neural-network treatment of the transient response) together with the standards that govern how a thermal response test is conducted and the field studies that show what such a test can and cannot resolve.

  1. Carslaw, H.S., Jaeger, J.C., 1959. Conduction of Heat in Solids, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ↩
  2. Claesson, J., Javed, S., 2018. Explicit multipole formulas for calculating thermal resistance of single U-tube ground heat exchangers. Energies 11(1), 214. ↩
  3. Claesson, J., Javed, S., 2019. Explicit multipole formulas and thermal network models for calculating thermal resistances of double U-pipe borehole heat exchangers. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 25(8), 980–992. ↩
  4. Dalla Santa, G., Pasquier, P., Schenato, L., Galgaro, A., 2022. Repeated ETRTs in a complex stratified geological setting: high-resolution thermal conductivity identification by multiple linear regression. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 148(4), 04022007. ↩
  5. Fossa, M., Rolando, D., Pasquier, P., 2018. Pulsated thermal response test experiments and modelling for ground thermal property estimation. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Stockholm, September 18–20, 2018. ↩
  6. Galgaro, A., Pasquier, P., Schenato, L., Cultrera, M., Dalla Santa, G., 2018. Soil thermal conductivity from early TRT logs using an active hybrid optic fibre system. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Stockholm, September 18–20, 2018. ↩
  7. Gehlin, S., 2002. Thermal Response Test — Method Development and Evaluation. Doctoral Thesis 2002:39, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden. ↩
  8. Gehlin, S., Nordell, B., 2003. Determining undisturbed ground temperature for thermal response test. ASHRAE Transactions 109(1), 151–156. ↩
  9. Holmberg, H., Ramstad, R.K., Riise, M.H., 2018. Temperature profile measurements, easy, cheap and informative. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Stockholm, September 18–20, 2018. ↩
  10. International Energy Agency, Energy Conservation through Energy Storage (ECES), 2013. Final Report Annex 21 — Thermal Response Test (TRT). IEA Energy Storage Technology Collaboration Programme. iea-es.org/publications/final-report-annex-21 ↩
  11. Javed, S., Claesson, J., 2017. Second-order multipole formulas for thermal resistance of single U-tube borehole heat exchangers. In: IGSHPA Technical/Research Conference and Expo, Denver, March 14–16, 2017. ↩
  12. Karrer, H., Osgyan, P., Staudacher, L., Kötting, I., Seibold, A., Koenigsdorff, R., Pröll, M., 2024. Emulated borehole heat exchanger: current state of development of test rig for the assessment of TRT units. In: IGSHPA Research Conference, Montréal, May 28–30, 2024. ↩
  13. Lamarche, L., Raymond, J., Koubikana Pambou, C.H., 2017. Measurement of internal and effective borehole resistances during thermal response tests. In: IGSHPA Technical/Research Conference and Expo, Denver, March 14–16, 2017. ↩
  14. Marcotte, D., Pasquier, P., 2008. On the estimation of thermal resistance in borehole thermal conductivity test. Renewable Energy 33(11), 2407–2415. ↩
  15. Marcotte, D., Pasquier, P., 2008. Fast fluid and ground temperature computation for geothermal ground-loop heat exchanger systems. Geothermics 37(6), 651–665. ↩
  16. Mazzotti, W., Firmansyah, H., Acuña, J., Stokuca, M., Palm, B., 2018. Newton-Raphson method applied to the time-superposed ILS for parameter estimation in thermal response tests. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Stockholm, September 18–20, 2018. ↩
  17. Melinder, Å., 2007. Thermophysical Properties of Aqueous Solutions Used as Secondary Working Fluids. Doctoral Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden. ↩
  18. Mikhaylova, O., Johnston, I.W., Narsilio, G.A., 2017. Assessment of effective borehole thermal resistance from operational data. In: IGSHPA Technical/Research Conference and Expo, Denver, March 14–16, 2017. ↩
  19. Mogensen, P., 1983. Fluid to duct wall heat transfer in duct system heat storages. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Subsurface Heat Storage in Theory and Practice, Stockholm, Sweden, June 6–8, 1983, pp. 652–657. ↩
  20. Eslami Nejad, P., Badache, M., Corcoran, A., Bernier, M., 2018. Virtual borehole for thermal response test unit calibration: test facility and concept development. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Stockholm, September 18–20, 2018. ↩
  21. Oh, H.-R., Kim, S.-K., Park, B.-H., Baek, J.-Y., Lee, K.-K., 2022. Accuracy of analytical approaches to thermal response test interpretation. In: IGSHPA Research Track, Las Vegas, December 6–8, 2022. ↩
  22. Pasquier, P., Marcotte, D., Bernier, M., Kummert, M., 2013. Simulation of ground-coupled heat pump systems using a spectral approach. In: Proceedings of the 13th Conference of IBPSA, Chambéry, France, pp. 2691–2698. ↩
  23. Pasquier, P., 2018. Interpretation of the first hours of a thermal response test using the time derivative of the temperature. Applied Energy 213, 56–75. ↩
  24. Pasquier, P., Lamarche, L., 2022. Analytic expressions for the moving infinite line source model. Geothermics 103, 102413. ↩
  25. Pasquier, P., Marcotte, D., 2020. Robust identification of volumetric heat capacity and analysis of thermal response tests by Bayesian inference with correlated residuals. Applied Energy 261, 114394. ↩
  26. Robert, S., Pasquier, P., Nguyen, A., 2022. Impact of layered heterogeneity on thermal response test interpretation performed on a standing column well operated without bleed. Geothermics 101, 102353. ↩
  27. Rolando, D., Acuña, J., Fossa, M., 2017. Heat extraction distributed thermal response test: a methodological approach and in-situ experiment. In: IGSHPA Technical/Research Conference and Expo, Denver, March 14–16, 2017. ↩
  28. Rose, C., Pasquier, P., Nguyen, A., Labib, R., 2024. Short-term transfer function approximation using artificial neural network in a heterogeneous medium with groundwater advection. In: IGSHPA Research Conference, Montréal, May 28–30, 2024. ↩
  29. Spitler, J.D., Gehlin, S.E.A., 2015. Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems — an historical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50, 1125–1137. ↩
  30. Voirand, A., Maragna, C., 2025. Evidence of localized groundwater flow during thermal response test using distributed thermal sensing. In: Proceedings of the European Geothermal Congress 2025, Zurich, Switzerland, October 2025. Preprint arXiv:2505.08564. ↩